游戏控制器

按下按钮可移动红色方块:






掌控一切

现在我们要控制红色方块。

添加四个按钮:上、下、左、右。

为每个按钮编写一个函数,以沿选定方向移动组件。

component 构造函数中创建两个新属性,并将它们命名为 speedXspeedY。这些属性被用作速度指示器。

component 构造函数中添加一个名为 newPos() 的函数,该函数使用 speedXspeedY 属性来更改组件的位置。

在绘制组件之前,从 updateGameArea 函数调用 newPos 函数:

实例

<script>

function component(width, height, color, x, y) {
  this.width = width;
  this.height = height;
  this.speedX = 0;
  this.speedY = 0;
  this.x = x;
  this.y = y;
  this.update = function() {
    ctx = myGameArea.context;
    ctx.fillStyle = color;
    ctx.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
  }
  this.newPos = function() {
    this.x += this.speedX;
    this.y += this.speedY;
  }
}

function updateGameArea() {
  myGameArea.clear();
  myGamePiece.newPos();
  myGamePiece.update();
}

function moveup() {
  myGamePiece.speedY -= 1;
}

function movedown() {
  myGamePiece.speedY += 1;
}

function moveleft() {
  myGamePiece.speedX -= 1;
}

function moveright() {
  myGamePiece.speedX += 1;
}
</script>

<button onclick="moveup()">UP</button>
<button onclick="movedown()">DOWN</button>
<button onclick="moveleft()">LEFT</button>
<button onclick="moveright()">RIGHT</button>

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停止移动

如果需要,您可以在释放按钮时使红色方块停止。

添加一个将速度指示器设置为 0 的函数。

为了应对普通屏幕和触摸屏,我们将为这两种设备添加代码:

实例

function stopMove() {
  myGamePiece.speedX = 0;
  myGamePiece.speedY = 0;
}
</script>

<button onmousedown="moveup()" onmouseup="stopMove()" ontouchstart="moveup()">UP</button>
<button onmousedown="movedown()" onmouseup="stopMove()" ontouchstart="movedown()">DOWN</button>
<button onmousedown="moveleft()" onmouseup="stopMove()" ontouchstart="moveleft()">LEFT</button>
<button onmousedown="moveright()" onmouseup="stopMove()" ontouchstart="moveright()">RIGHT</button>

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键盘作为控制器

我们还可以通过键盘上的方向键来控制红色方块。

创建一个方法来检查是否按下了某个键,并将 myGameArea 对象的 key 属性设置为键代码。当松开按键时,将 key 属性设置为 false

实例

var myGameArea = {
  canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
  start : function() {
    this.canvas.width = 480;
    this.canvas.height = 270;
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
    document.body.insertBefore(this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
    this.interval = setInterval(updateGameArea, 20);
    window.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {
      myGameArea.key = e.keyCode;
    })
    window.addEventListener('keyup', function (e) {
      myGameArea.key = false;
    })
  },
  clear : function(){
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
  }
}

这样,如果按下方向键之一,我们就可以移动红色方块:

实例

function updateGameArea() {
  myGameArea.clear();
  myGamePiece.speedX = 0;
  myGamePiece.speedY = 0;
  if (myGameArea.key && myGameArea.key == 37) {myGamePiece.speedX = -1; }
  if (myGameArea.key && myGameArea.key == 39) {myGamePiece.speedX = 1; }
  if (myGameArea.key && myGameArea.key == 38) {myGamePiece.speedY = -1; }
  if (myGameArea.key && myGameArea.key == 40) {myGamePiece.speedY = 1; }
  myGamePiece.newPos();
  myGamePiece.update();
}

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按下多个键

如果同时按下多个键怎么办?

在上面的例子中,组件只能水平或垂直移动。现在我们希望组件也可以沿对角线移动。

myGameArea 对象创建一个 keys 数组,并为每个按下的键插入一个元素,并为其赋值 true,该值保持 true ,直到不再按下该键,该值在 keyup 事件监听函数中变为 false

实例

var myGameArea = {
  canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
  start : function() {
    this.canvas.width = 480;
    this.canvas.height = 270;
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
    document.body.insertBefore(this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
    this.interval = setInterval(updateGameArea, 20);
    window.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {
      myGameArea.keys = (myGameArea.keys || []);
      myGameArea.keys[e.keyCode] = true;
    })
    window.addEventListener('keyup', function (e) {
      myGameArea.keys[e.keyCode] = false;
    })
  },
  clear : function(){
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
  }
}

 function updateGameArea() {
  myGameArea.clear();
  myGamePiece.speedX = 0;
  myGamePiece.speedY = 0;
  if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[37]) {myGamePiece.speedX = -1; }
  if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[39]) {myGamePiece.speedX = 1; }
  if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[38]) {myGamePiece.speedY = -1; }
  if (myGameArea.keys && myGameArea.keys[40]) {myGamePiece.speedY = 1; }
  myGamePiece.newPos();
  myGamePiece.update();
}

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使用鼠标光标作为控制器

如果您想使用鼠标光标控制红色方块,请在 myGameArea 对象中添加一个方法来更新鼠标光标的 x 和 y 坐标:

实例

var myGameArea = {
  canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
  start : function() {
    this.canvas.width = 480;
    this.canvas.height = 270;
    this.canvas.style.cursor = "none"; //hide the original cursor
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
    document.body.insertBefore(this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
    this.interval = setInterval(updateGameArea, 20);
    window.addEventListener('mousemove', function (e) {
      myGameArea.x = e.pageX;
      myGameArea.y = e.pageY;
    })
  },
  clear : function(){
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
  }
}

然后我们就可以使用鼠标光标移动红色方块了:

实例

function updateGameArea() {
  myGameArea.clear();
  if (myGameArea.x && myGameArea.y) {
    myGamePiece.x = myGameArea.x;
    myGamePiece.y = myGameArea.y;
  }
  myGamePiece.update();
}

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触摸屏幕来控制游戏

我们还可以在触摸屏上控制红色方块。

myGameArea 对象中添加一个方法,该方法使用屏幕触摸位置的 x 和 y 坐标:

实例

var myGameArea = {
  canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
  start : function() {
    this.canvas.width = 480;
    this.canvas.height = 270;
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
    document.body.insertBefore(this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
    this.interval = setInterval(updateGameArea, 20);
    window.addEventListener('touchmove', function (e) {
      myGameArea.x = e.touches[0].screenX;
      myGameArea.y = e.touches[0].screenY;
    })
  },
  clear : function(){
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
  }
}

然后,当用户触摸屏幕时,我们可以使用与鼠标光标相同的代码来移动红色方块了:

实例

function updateGameArea() {
  myGameArea.clear();
  if (myGameArea.x && myGameArea.y) {
    myGamePiece.x = myGameArea.x;
    myGamePiece.y = myGameArea.y;
  }
  myGamePiece.update();
}

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画布上的控制器

我们还可以在画布上绘制自己的按钮,并将它们用作控制器:

实例

function startGame() {
  myGamePiece = new component(30, 30, "red", 10, 120);
  myUpBtn = new component(30, 30, "blue", 50, 10);
  myDownBtn = new component(30, 30, "blue", 50, 70);
  myLeftBtn = new component(30, 30, "blue", 20, 40);
  myRightBtn = new component(30, 30, "blue", 80, 40);
  myGameArea.start();
}

添加一个新函数,用于确定某个组件(在本例中是一个按钮)是否被单击。

首先添加事件侦听器来检查是否单击了鼠标按钮(mousedownmouseup)。如需应对触摸屏,还需要添加事件侦听器来检查屏幕是否被单击(touchstarttouchend):

实例

var myGameArea = {
  canvas : document.createElement("canvas"),
  start : function() {
    this.canvas.width = 480;
    this.canvas.height = 270;
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
    document.body.insertBefore(this.canvas, document.body.childNodes[0]);
    this.interval = setInterval(updateGameArea, 20);
    window.addEventListener('mousedown', function (e) {
      myGameArea.x = e.pageX;
      myGameArea.y = e.pageY;
    })
    window.addEventListener('mouseup', function (e) {
      myGameArea.x = false;
      myGameArea.y = false;
    })
    window.addEventListener('touchstart', function (e) {
      myGameArea.x = e.pageX;
      myGameArea.y = e.pageY;
    })
    window.addEventListener('touchend', function (e) {
      myGameArea.x = false;
      myGameArea.y = false;
    })
  },
  clear : function(){
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
  }
}

现在 myGameArea 对象有了能够告诉我们单击的 x 和 y 坐标的属性。我们使用这些属性来检查是否在我们的其中一个蓝色按钮上执行了单击。

这个新方法称为 clicked,它是 component 构造函数的一个方法,它检查组件是否被单击。

updateGameArea 函数中,如果单击蓝色按钮之一,我们将执行必要的操作:

实例

function component(width, height, color, x, y) {
  this.width = width;
  this.height = height;
  this.speedX = 0;
  this.speedY = 0;
  this.x = x;
  this.y = y;
  this.update = function() {
    ctx = myGameArea.context;
    ctx.fillStyle = color;
    ctx.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
  }
  this.clicked = function() {
    var myleft = this.x;
    var myright = this.x + (this.width);
    var mytop = this.y;
    var mybottom = this.y + (this.height);
    var clicked = true;
    if ((mybottom < myGameArea.y) || (mytop > myGameArea.y) || (myright < myGameArea.x) || (myleft > myGameArea.x)) {
      clicked = false;
    }
    return clicked;
  }
}

function updateGameArea() {
  myGameArea.clear();
  if (myGameArea.x && myGameArea.y) {
    if (myUpBtn.clicked()) {
      myGamePiece.y -= 1;
    }
    if (myDownBtn.clicked()) {
      myGamePiece.y += 1;
    }
    if (myLeftBtn.clicked()) {
      myGamePiece.x += -1;
    }
    if (myRightBtn.clicked()) {
      myGamePiece.x += 1;
    }
  }
  myUpBtn.update();
  myDownBtn.update();
  myLeftBtn.update();
  myRightBtn.update();
  myGamePiece.update();
}

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